בהינתן מחרוזת מצא את הפלינדרום הארוך ביותר שניתן לבנות על ידי הסרה או ערבוב של תווים מהמחרוזת. החזר רק פלינדרום אחד אם יש מיתרי פלינדרום מרובים באורך הארוך ביותר.
דוגמאות:
Input: abc Output: a OR b OR c Input: aabbcc Output: abccba OR baccab OR cbaabc OR any other palindromic string of length 6. Input: abbaccd Output: abcdcba OR ... Input: aba Output: aba
אנחנו יכולים לחלק כל מיתר פלינדרום לשלושה חלקים - התחל באמצע וסוף. עבור מחרוזת פלינדרום באורך אי זוגי נניח ש-2n + 1 'beg' מורכב מ-n תווים ראשונים של המחרוזת 'mid' תהיה מורכבת מתו אחד בלבד, כלומר (n + 1) תו ו-'end' מורכב מ-n התווים האחרונים של המחרוזת הפלינדרומית. עבור מחרוזת פלינדרום באורך זוגי 2n 'אמצע' תמיד יהיה ריק. יש לציין ש'סוף' יהיה הפוך מ'תחנן' על מנת שהמיתר יהיה פלינדרום.
הרעיון הוא להשתמש בתצפית לעיל בפתרון שלנו. מכיוון שמותר ערבוב של תווים, סדר התווים אינו משנה במחרוזת הקלט. אנו מקבלים תחילה תדירות של כל תו במחרוזת הקלט. אז כל התווים שיופיעו אפילו (נניח 2n) במחרוזת הקלט יהיו חלק ממחרוזת הפלט, מכיוון שנוכל למקם בקלות n תווים במחרוזת 'beg' ואת n התווים האחרים במחרוזת 'סוף' (על ידי שימור הסדר הפלינדרום). עבור תווים בעלי מופע מוזר (נניח 2n + 1) אנו ממלאים 'אמצע' באחד מכל התווים הללו. ו-2n התווים הנותרים מחולקים לחצאים ומתווספים בהתחלה ובסוף.
להלן יישום הרעיון לעיל
C++
// C++ program to find the longest palindrome by removing // or shuffling characters from the given string #include using namespace std; // Function to find the longest palindrome by removing // or shuffling characters from the given string string findLongestPalindrome(string str) { // to stores freq of characters in a string int count[256] = { 0 }; // find freq of characters in the input string for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++) count[str[i]]++; // Any palindromic string consists of three parts // beg + mid + end string beg = '' mid = '' end = ''; // solution assumes only lowercase characters are // present in string. We can easily extend this // to consider any set of characters for (char ch = 'a'; ch <= 'z'; ch++) { // if the current character freq is odd if (count[ch] & 1) { // mid will contain only 1 character. It // will be overridden with next character // with odd freq mid = ch; // decrement the character freq to make // it even and consider current character // again count[ch--]--; } // if the current character freq is even else { // If count is n(an even number) push // n/2 characters to beg string and rest // n/2 characters will form part of end // string for (int i = 0; i < count[ch]/2 ; i++) beg.push_back(ch); } } // end will be reverse of beg end = beg; reverse(end.begin() end.end()); // return palindrome string return beg + mid + end; } // Driver code int main() { string str = 'abbaccd'; cout << findLongestPalindrome(str); return 0; }
Java // Java program to find the longest palindrome by removing // or shuffling characters from the given string class GFG { // Function to find the longest palindrome by removing // or shuffling characters from the given string static String findLongestPalindrome(String str) { // to stores freq of characters in a string int count[] = new int[256]; // find freq of characters in the input string for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) { count[str.charAt(i)]++; } // Any palindromic string consists of three parts // beg + mid + end String beg = '' mid = '' end = ''; // solution assumes only lowercase characters are // present in string. We can easily extend this // to consider any set of characters for (char ch = 'a'; ch <= 'z'; ch++) { // if the current character freq is odd if (count[ch] % 2 == 1) { // mid will contain only 1 character. It // will be overridden with next character // with odd freq mid = String.valueOf(ch); // decrement the character freq to make // it even and consider current character // again count[ch--]--; } // if the current character freq is even else { // If count is n(an even number) push // n/2 characters to beg string and rest // n/2 characters will form part of end // string for (int i = 0; i < count[ch] / 2; i++) { beg += ch; } } } // end will be reverse of beg end = beg; end = reverse(end); // return palindrome string return beg + mid + end; } static String reverse(String str) { // convert String to character array // by using toCharArray String ans = ''; char[] try1 = str.toCharArray(); for (int i = try1.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { ans += try1[i]; } return ans; } // Driver code public static void main(String[] args) { String str = 'abbaccd'; System.out.println(findLongestPalindrome(str)); } } // This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992
Python3 # Python3 program to find the longest palindrome by removing # or shuffling characters from the given string # Function to find the longest palindrome by removing # or shuffling characters from the given string def findLongestPalindrome(strr): # to stores freq of characters in a string count = [0]*256 # find freq of characters in the input string for i in range(len(strr)): count[ord(strr[i])] += 1 # Any palindromic consists of three parts # beg + mid + end beg = '' mid = '' end = '' # solution assumes only lowercase characters are # present in string. We can easily extend this # to consider any set of characters ch = ord('a') while ch <= ord('z'): # if the current character freq is odd if (count[ch] & 1): # mid will contain only 1 character. It # will be overridden with next character # with odd freq mid = ch # decrement the character freq to make # it even and consider current character # again count[ch] -= 1 ch -= 1 # if the current character freq is even else: # If count is n(an even number) push # n/2 characters to beg and rest # n/2 characters will form part of end # string for i in range(count[ch]//2): beg += chr(ch) ch += 1 # end will be reverse of beg end = beg end = end[::-1] # return palindrome string return beg + chr(mid) + end # Driver code strr = 'abbaccd' print(findLongestPalindrome(strr)) # This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29
C# // C# program to find the longest // palindrome by removing or // shuffling characters from // the given string using System; class GFG { // Function to find the longest // palindrome by removing or // shuffling characters from // the given string static String findLongestPalindrome(String str) { // to stores freq of characters in a string int []count = new int[256]; // find freq of characters // in the input string for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++) { count[str[i]]++; } // Any palindromic string consists of // three parts beg + mid + end String beg = '' mid = '' end = ''; // solution assumes only lowercase // characters are present in string. // We can easily extend this to // consider any set of characters for (char ch = 'a'; ch <= 'z'; ch++) { // if the current character freq is odd if (count[ch] % 2 == 1) { // mid will contain only 1 character. // It will be overridden with next // character with odd freq mid = String.Join(''ch); // decrement the character freq to make // it even and consider current // character again count[ch--]--; } // if the current character freq is even else { // If count is n(an even number) push // n/2 characters to beg string and rest // n/2 characters will form part of end // string for (int i = 0; i < count[ch] / 2; i++) { beg += ch; } } } // end will be reverse of beg end = beg; end = reverse(end); // return palindrome string return beg + mid + end; } static String reverse(String str) { // convert String to character array // by using toCharArray String ans = ''; char[] try1 = str.ToCharArray(); for (int i = try1.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { ans += try1[i]; } return ans; } // Driver code public static void Main() { String str = 'abbaccd'; Console.WriteLine(findLongestPalindrome(str)); } } // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar
JavaScript <script> // Javascript program to find the // longest palindrome by removing // or shuffling characters from // the given string // Function to find the longest // palindrome by removing // or shuffling characters from // the given string function findLongestPalindrome(str) { // to stores freq of characters // in a string let count = new Array(256); for(let i=0;i<256;i++) { count[i]=0; } // find freq of characters in // the input string for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) { count[str[i].charCodeAt(0)]++; } // Any palindromic string consists // of three parts // beg + mid + end let beg = '' mid = '' end = ''; // solution assumes only // lowercase characters are // present in string. // We can easily extend this // to consider any set of characters for (let ch = 'a'.charCodeAt(0); ch <= 'z'.charCodeAt(0); ch++) { // if the current character freq is odd if (count[ch] % 2 == 1) { // mid will contain only 1 character. It // will be overridden with next character // with odd freq mid = String.fromCharCode(ch); // decrement the character freq to make // it even and consider current character // again count[ch--]--; } // if the current character freq is even else { // If count is n(an even number) push // n/2 characters to beg string and rest // n/2 characters will form part of end // string for (let i = 0; i < count[ch] / 2; i++) { beg += String.fromCharCode(ch); } } } // end will be reverse of beg end = beg; end = reverse(end); // return palindrome string return beg + mid + end; } function reverse(str) { // convert String to character array // by using toCharArray let ans = ''; let try1 = str.split(''); for (let i = try1.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { ans += try1[i]; } return ans; } // Driver code let str = 'abbaccd'; document.write(findLongestPalindrome(str)); // This code is contributed by unknown2108 </script>
תְפוּקָה
abcdcba
מורכבות הזמן של הפתרון לעיל הוא O(n) כאשר n הוא אורך המיתר. מכיוון שמספר התווים באלפבית קבוע הם אינם תורמים לניתוח אסימפטוטי.
חלל עזר בשימוש התוכנית הוא M כאשר M הוא מספר תווי ASCII.